PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
1.Present Perfect Tense'in Yapısı:
Türkçe'de karşıtı bulunmayan bu zaman Türk öğrenciler tarafından kavranması oldukca güç olmaktadır. Bu zaman iki ögeden meydana gelmektedir. Birincisi aynen geniş zamanda kullandığımız şekliyle 'have' yardımcı fiilidir. İkincisi ise esas fiil olarak kullanacağımız fiilin ücüncü şeklidir.
Fiilin ücüncü şekli fiile -ed eklenerek yapılan Regular Verbs (Düzenli Fiiler) ya da fiilin değişime uğradığı Irregular Verbs (Düzensiz Fiiller)'dir.
Not: Düzensiz Fiillerin Listesi için tıklayınız.
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Olumlu (Subject + have + verb 3)
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I
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have
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studied English.
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You
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have
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given the clues.
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He
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has
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read the book.
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She
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has
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visited the museum.
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It
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has
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flown.
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We
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have
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bought a new car.
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They
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have
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gone to New York.
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Olumsuz (Subject + have not + verb 3)
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I
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haven't
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written the letter.
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You
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haven't
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replied.
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He
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hasn't
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watched the film.
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She
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hasn't
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cooked the meal.
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It
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hasn't
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drunk the milk.
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We
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haven't
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asked the question.
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They
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haven't
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completed the construction.
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Soru (Have + Subject + Verb 3)
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Have
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I
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asked that question?
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Have
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You
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read the newspaper?
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Has
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he
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clarified the problem?
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Has
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she
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had an accident?
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Has
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it
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climbed the wall?
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Have
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we
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solve the problem?
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Have
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they
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sold the house?
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| Olumsuz Soru (Have not + subject + verb 3) |
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Haven't |
I
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read that book? |
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Haven't |
You
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painted the room? |
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Hasn't |
he
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known that? |
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Hasn't |
she
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played the piano? |
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Hasn't |
it
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worked out? |
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Haven't |
we
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warned them? |
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Haven't |
they
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gone to the meeting? |
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Örnek 1:
to
work,
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Olumlu
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Olumsuz
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Soru
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I
have worked
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I haven't
worked
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Have I worked?
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You have
worked
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You haven't
worked
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Have you
worked?
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He, she,
it has worked
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He, she,
it hasn't worked
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Has he,she,it
worked
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We
have worked
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We haven't
worked
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Have we worked?
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You
have worked
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You haven't
worked
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Have you
worked?
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They
have worked
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They haven't
worked
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Have they
worked?
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Örnek 2:
to
go,
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Olumlu
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Olumsuz
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Soru
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I
have gone
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I haven't
gone
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Have I gone?
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You have
gone
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You haven't
gone
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Have you
gone?
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He, she,
it has gone
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He, she,
it hasn't gone
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Has he,she,it
gone
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We
have gone
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We haven't
gone
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Have we gone?
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You
have gone
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You haven't
gone
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Have you
gone?
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They
have gone
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They haven't
gone
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Have they
gone?
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2.
Kullanım
Present
Perfect Tense geçmiş ile şu an arasındaki bağlantıyı göstermek için kullanılır. Eylem daha önce başlamıştır ama belirsizdir ve eylemin kendisinden çok sonucu önemlidir.
Present perfect
Tense'in kullanılışı:
1. Hal ya da eylem geçmişte başlamıştır ve şu anda devam etmektedir.
Örneğin:
I have lived in Afyon since 1995 (= and I still do.)
2. Bir süredir devam eden eylem henüz tamamlanmamıştır.
Örneğin:
She has been to the theatre
five times this week (= and the month isn't over yet.)
3. Geçmiş ile şu an arasında belirsiz bir zaman diliminde tekrarlanan bir eylemi anlatır.
Örneğin: We have visited Cyprus
several times.
4.Çok yakın bir geçmişte tamamlanmış bir eylemi anlatır. (just zarfı ile ifade edilir.)
Örneğin: I have
just finished my homework.
5.
Zamanı önemsiz olan bir eylemi anlatır.
Örneğin: He has
read 'Great Gatsby'. (Kitabın okunması yani sonuç önemlidir.)
Önemli Not: when, where, who sorularına ayrıntılı cevaplar vermek istediğimizde , simple past tense kullanırız..
Örneğin: He read
'Great Gatsby' last week.
Örnekler:
1. Geçmişte başlamış ve şu anda devam eden eylemler.
a. They haven't lived here
for years.
b. She has worked in the
bank for five years.
c. We have had the same car
for ten years.
d. Have you played the piano
since you were a child?
2. Bir süredir devam eden ve tamamlanmamış eylemler.
a. I have worked hard
this week.
b. It has rained
a lot this year.
c. We haven't seen her today.
3. Geçmiş ile şu an arasında belirsiz bir zaman diliminde tekrarlanan eylemler.
a. They have seen that
film four times.
b. It has happened
several times already.
c. She has visited them frequently.
d. We have drunk coffee at that cafe many times.
4.Yakın geçmişte tamamlanmış eylemler (+just).
a. Have you just finished
work?
b. I have just eaten.
c. We have just watched the program.
d. Has he just arrive?
5. Zamanı belirsiz ya da önemsiz olan eylemler.
a. Someone has eaten
my cake!
b. Have you seen 'Life's an Adventure?
c. She's studied Geograpy,
Maths and Science.
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